| 摘要: |
| 采用文献资料法、数理统计法、录像分析法和专家访谈法，对100 m运动中步长与步频的影响因素及其内在联系、步长与步频合理比例的评价指标，以及短跑训练中步长与步频的发展规律进行分析和讨论，得出如下结论：运动员的腿长、触地角度和驱动力量是步长与步频相互影响和制约的调节变量；腾起角度和着地角度分别为50 °-55 °和90 °、触地时间和腾空时间分别占步频时间的40%和60%、步长指数与步频指数分别达到124和828或以上，是评价步长与步频及其比例合理性的重要标准。在短跑训练实践中，教练员应使青少年运动员的步频在915岁阶段得到充分发展；15岁以后，教练员应在运动员固有动作频率的基础上，重视步长的发展；当步长指数达到124或以上后，教练员应该在保持运动员步长稳定的前提下，再次提高步频 |
| 关键词: 100 m 步长 步频 影响因素 评价标准 发展规律 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（A020503） |
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| Evaluation Criterion and Regular Developing Patterns of Elite Male Sprinters’ Stride Length and Stride Frequency |
| JIANG Zili |
| (Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University) |
| Abstract: |
| Through the methodology of literature, mathematical statistic, video analysis and expert interview, this paper analyzes and discusses the influential factors and inner correlation of stride length and stride frequency, evaluation indicators of the optimal ratio of stride length and frequency, and the developing rules of stride length and frequency in sprint training. The findings show that leg length, touchdown angle and drive force are three moderating variables of mutual influence and restriction between stride length and stride frequency, takeoff with an angle of 5055 degrees and touchdown with an angle of 90 degrees, touchdown with a duration of 40% in the duration of stride frequency and takeoff with a duration of 60% in the duration of stride frequency, stride length indicators of 124 or higher and stride frequency indicators of 828 or higher are the important standards in evaluating stride length, stride frequency and its ratio reasonableness. In training practice, the coaches should enable the athletes’ stride frequency to fully develop between the age of nine and fifteen. After the age of fifteen, coaches should pay more attention to the development of stride length based on their developed stride frequency. When stride length indicator reaches 124 or higher, coaches should enhance their stride frequency again on the basis of maintaining the stability of athletes’ stride length |
| Key words: 100 meter sprint stride length stride frequency influential factors evaluation criterion regular developing patterns |
