| 摘要: |
| 运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,分析 《民法典》自甘风险条款在学校体育中的适用范围。认为,“自愿参加”并非必然要求参与者完全了解风险且自愿承担风险,“一定风险的文体活动”涵盖了学校体育竞赛、教学、训练、考试等,“其他参加者的行为”不代表自甘风险仅适用于需2人以上参与的同一体育活动,“故意或者重大过失的除外”中,对一般过失与重大过失的判定应结合项目规则与行为人的主观意图。学校与学生之间存在管理与被管理的特殊关系,学生参与学校体育带有一定的强制性,但也不能完全否定自甘风险的适用。具体来说,体育竞赛、课外体育活动、学生观看比赛以及不同项目间发生的伤害事故建议适用自甘风险,而体育教学、体育训练、体质测试、体育考试等活动发生的伤害事故应按实际情况有限适用自甘风险。 |
| 关键词: 自甘风险 学校体育伤害事故 民法典 体育法 自愿 |
| DOI： |
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| Application Scope of Assumption of Risk in School Sports |
| YU Tiansheng,TANG Weidong |
| (School of Sports Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046 ,China) |
| Abstract: |
| Using the methods of literature and logical analysis, this paper analyzes the application scope of Assumption of Risk in the Civil Code in school sports.It is considered that “voluntary participation” does not necessarily require participants to fully understand the risks and voluntarily bear the risks. “Cultural and sports activities with certain risks” cover school sports competitions, teaching, training, examinations and so on. “The behavior of other participants” does not mean that Assumption of Risk is only applicable to the same sports activity that requires more than 2 people to participate except for “intentional or gross negligence”. The judgment of general negligence and gross negligence should be combined with sports rules and the actor ’s subjective intention.Though there is a special relationship between management by schools and being managed for students,when students participate inmandatory sports in school, we can not completely deny the application of assumption of risk.Specifically, it is suggested that assumption of risk should be applied to injury accidents occurring in sports competitions, extracurricular sports activities, students watching competitions and different events, while assumption of risk should be limited to injury accidents occurring in sports teaching, sports training, physical fitness test, sports examination and other activities according to the actual situation. |
| Key words: assumption of risk school sports injury accidents civil code sports law voluntariness |
