en
×

分享给微信好友或者朋友圈

使用微信“扫一扫”功能。
作者简介:

毛晓锟(1991-),男,山西运城人,在读硕士,研究方向为运动生物力学。

中图分类号:G804.63

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-3596(2015)03-0084-04

参考文献 1
Donahue M,Simon J,Docherty C.Critical Review of Self-Reported Functional Ankle Instability Measures[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(12):1140-1146.
参考文献 2
Fallat L,Grimm D J,Sracco J A.Sprained ankle syndrome:prevalence and analysis of 639 acute injuries[J].J Foot Ankle Surg,1998,37(4):280-285.
参考文献 3
Hertel J.Functional anatomy,pathomechanics,and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability[J].J Athl Train,2002,37(4):364-375.
参考文献 4
Delahunt E,Coughlan G F,Caulfield B,et al.Inclusion criteria when investigating insufficiencies in chronic ankle instability[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(11):2106-2121.
参考文献 5
Bonnel F,Toullecb E,Mabitc C,et al.Chronic ankle instability:Biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2010,96(4):424-432.
参考文献 6
Tropp H.Commentary:Functional ankle instability revisited[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2002,37(4):512-515.
参考文献 7
Freeman M,Dean M,Hanham I.The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot[J].Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery,1965,47(4):678-685.
参考文献 8
Hass C J,Bishop M D,Doidge D,et al.Chronic ankle instability alters central organization of movement[J].Am J Sports Med,2010,38(4):829-34.
参考文献 9
Wikstrom E A,Bishop M D,Inamdar A D,et al.Gait termination control strategies are altered in chronic ankle instability subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(1):197-205.
参考文献 10
杨多多,苏美华.足不同背屈纵跳高度的生物力学分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2012,26(2):74-76.
参考文献 11
Nyska M,Shabat S,Simkin A,et al.Dynamic force distribution during level walking under the feet of patients with chronic ankle instability[J].British Journal Of Sports Medicine,2003,37(6):495-497.
参考文献 12
Nawata K,Nishihara S,Hayashi I,et al.Plantar pressure distribution during gait in athletes with functional instability of the ankle joint:preliminary report[J].J Orthop Sci,2005,10(3):298-301.
参考文献 13
Hopkins J T,Coglianese M,Glasgow P,et al.Alterations in evertor/invertor muscle activation and center of pressure trajectory in participants with functional ankle instability[J].J Electromyogr Kinesiol,2012,22(2):280-285.
参考文献 14
Morrison K E,Hudson D J,Davis I S,et al.Plantar pressure during running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot Ankle Int,2010,31(11):994-1000.
参考文献 15
Schmidt H,Drewes L,Lee S,et al.Increased plantar pressures on the lateral aspect of the foot with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2009,44(3):S13-S14.
参考文献 16
Schmidt H,Sauer L D,Lee S Y,et al.Increased in-shoe lateral plantar pressures with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot & Ankle International,2011,32(11):1075-1080.
参考文献 17
De Ridder R,Willems T,Roosen P.Plantar pressure distribution during gait and running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Foot and Ankle Research,2012(5):32-33.
参考文献 18
Webster K A.Measures of Plantar Pressure and Influences of Fatigue on Muscle Activation in Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability[D].Ohio:The University of Toledo,2010.
参考文献 19
Gribble P A,Shinohara J.A comparison of 2 rehabilitation protocols on star excursion balance test performance in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,2009,39(10):A13.
参考文献 20
Munn J,Sullivan S J,Schneiders A G.Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability:a systematic review with meta-analysis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2010,13(1):2-12.
参考文献 21
Santello M,McDonagh M J,Challis J H.Visual and non-visual control of landing movements in humans[J].The Journal Of Physiology,2001,537(1):313-327.
参考文献 22
Bahr R,Bahr I.Incidence of acute volleyball injuries:a prospective cohort study of injury mechanisms and risk factors[J].Scandinvian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Medicine,1997,7(6):166-171.
参考文献 23
Harringe M L,Renstrom P,Werner S.Injury incidence,mechanism and diagnosis in toplevel teamgym:a prospective study conducted over one season[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2007,17(2):115-119.
参考文献 24
Robbins S,Waked E.Factors associated with ankle injuries:preventative measures[J].Sports Medicine,1998,25(1):63-72.
参考文献 25
Fuller E.Center of pressure and its theoretical relationship to foot pathology[J].Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association,1999,89(6):278-291.
参考文献 26
Konradsen L,Voight M.Inversion injury biomechanics in functional ankle instability:a cadaver study of simulated gait[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2002,12(6):329-336.
参考文献 27
谷昱良.体育学院大学生踝关节内翻扭伤的足底动力学研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.
参考文献 28
Feger M A,Donovan L,Hart J M,et al.Lower Extremity Muscle Activation During Functional Exercises in Patients With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability[J].PM&R,2014,6(7):601-611.
目录contents

    摘要

    慢性踝关节不稳者的踝关节容易反复损伤,而其足底压力特征还不甚明了。通过查阅大量资料并进行分析总结,对慢性踝关节不稳者足底压力特征的研究现状进行综述。足底压力测试研究能够反映人体在安静和运动状态下的足部动作结构变化,有助于踝足损伤诊断和康复评定。关于慢性踝关节不稳者足底压力的分布特征还没有定论,因此慢性踝关节不稳对足底压力分布的影响有待于进一步深入研究,为慢性踝关节不稳的诊断以及康复评定提供实验依据。

    Abstract

    People with chronic ankle joint instability may easily have repeated ankle injury, while the plantar pressure characteristics are also unclear. By reviewing, analyzing and summarizing a large amount of literature, this paper makes a literature review about the research status of the distribution features of plantar pressure of people with chronic ankle joint instability. Plantar pressure test studies can reflect the structural changes of foot movement in a quiet body state, and in a motion state, it helps diagnose foot and ankle injury and also helps with its rehabilitation assessment. The distribution features of plantar pressure of people with chronic ankle joint instability are not yet conclusive, thus, the influence of chronic ankle instability on the plantar pressure distribution needs further study. This may offer experimental evidence to the diagnosis and rehabilitation assessment of chronic ankle joint instability.

  • 踝关节扭伤是最常见的一种运动损伤[1],主要是由于踝关节支撑着人体的体重并承受着运动中地面对人体较大的冲击力。Fallat等[2]指出,踝关节单位面积上所承受的力量比其他任何关节都多,这是踝关节易反复扭伤的外在因素。而踝关节易反复扭伤的内在因素之一就是慢性踝关节不稳(Chronic Ankle Instability,CAI)。但是CAI患者足底压力特征还不甚明了,本文对近年来CAI患者足底压力的研究进行综述,为进一步理解和探讨CAI踝关节易反复扭伤的机制及康复训练提供参考依据。

  • 1 慢性踝关节不稳

  • 慢性踝关节不稳由Hertel[3]描述为:由于外侧踝关节不稳定反复发作,导致踝关节易发生反复扭伤。CAI分为结构性踝关节不稳(Mechanical Ankle Instability, MAI)、功能性踝关节不稳(Functional Ankle Instability, FAI),以及两者的组合[4]。CAI的病理现象很复杂,而且很难进行定量评定,机制也不很明确[5]

  • 结构性踝关节不稳是指踝关节损伤后的关节松弛[6]。功能性踝关节不稳是1965年由Freeman[7]最先提出,并将其定义为踝关节重复扭伤或踝关节运动“无肌力感”(giving way),俗称“打软腿”,是由踝关节急性扭伤导致关节运动随意控制失常,但并不影响关节运动幅度。导致功能性踝关节不稳的主要原因包括:本体感觉能力减弱、肌肉力量较小、踝关节肌肉反应速度慢、动作控制能力减弱等,改变了中枢神经系统的感觉整合机制[8-9]

  • 2 足底压力及其应用

  • 足底压力是指足底所受到的压力或压强,包括静态和动态足底压力,分别表示人体在静止站立和动态行走时的足底压力或压强[10]。通过正常足与病足的足底压力参数的对比研究,可以分析病足成因、病程衍变以及功能评定。

  • 足底压力测试分析研究的主要指标有:压强峰值、测定区域的压力平均值、压力峰值、特定区域下着地时间占整体时间的比值以及特定区域的着地速度、足底压力变化率等多方面的指标。可用来揭示步态的运动学特性和动力学特征,对不同状态下的足底压力参数进行分析研究,揭示不同的足底压力分布特征和模式。

  • 影响足底压力分布的因素很多,主要包括:年龄、性别、步速、鞋子和运动形式等。足底压力测试分析不仅受以上因素的影响,而且受到测量手段和方法的限制。随着科学技术发展和市场的需求,结合足底压力测定的发展过程及使用技术可将其分为脚印法、足底压力扫描器、测力板及测力台、压力鞋及压力鞋垫。随着新技术的发展和新仪器的产生,足底压力研究得到快速发展。

  • 3 同步态时慢性踝关节不稳者各支撑期的足底压力

  • 在步态支撑阶段的不同时期,慢性踝关节不稳者足底压力分布特征不同。Wikstrom等[9]发现在步态支撑期的结束阶段,CAI患者会产生比较大的制动和冲击力。而Nyska等[11]发现在足跟和足趾部位足底压力较小,而足中段外侧足底压力较大。Hass等[8]发现CAI患者在步态初期压力中心的较小偏离过渡到了足趾离地瞬间时较大的足底压力中心偏离和较大的速度。Nawata等[12]对75名学生(其中8名患有功能性踝关节不稳的大学生运动员)进行足底压力分布特征的研究,结果发现足触地和离地时两组间足内旋角无显著性差异;在步态支撑期,病理组足角小于正常踝关节,内翻程度增加,内收外旋角大于正常踝关节。

  • 在走和跑的步态研究中发现,CAI组足中段外侧压力较正常组大,而且当重心过渡到前足底时,足底外侧压力相对较高是导致内翻损伤的重要因素。Hopkins等[13]选取12名(男5,女7)功能性踝关节不稳患者组成实验组(FAI组),并按照实验组的性别、身高、体重等匹配12名正常对照组,研究受试者在步态支撑期压力中心的位置。步态支撑期着地时足底单足支撑的百分比的划分见图1,对比两组发现在支撑期的20%-90%着地阶段,FAI组的足底压力中心更多地向外侧偏离。也就是说FAI组向外侧偏离出现在最初的足跟着地到足趾快要离地的时间段。Morrison等[14]也在受试者裸足跑步态研究中指出,CAI受试者在足跟着地时,足底压力比正常对照组有明显的外侧偏离。Nyska等[11]在对裸足走的步态研究中,也发现CAI组相对于正常组在足中段和前足底外侧位置,压力有显著性的增加。

  • 图1 步态支撑期着地时足底单足支撑的百分比

  • 不同研究者对于跑跳动作着地时的足底压力的研究结果不同。Schmidt等[15]在跑的步态研究中发现,CAI组足的外侧负荷明显增加,足中段和外侧有较大的压力、冲量,但重心移到前足底时,CAI组的足底压力、冲量和最大力都比正常组显著性地增大。Schmidt等[16]指出慢性踝关节足外侧受到更大的压力。而Roel等[17]在走和跑的各个阶段都没有发现CAI组和对照组之间足内外侧压力比的差异;Webster[18]的研究也发现受试者在睁眼侧跳着地时,足底压力在CAI组和正常组的之间没有差异。这可能由两种原因造成:第一,由前馈机制[19]造成,慢性踝关节不稳现象大都发生在受试者没有预期的意外着地或地面不平造成的预料之外的着地过程中,因为在这种情况下,外翻肌肉不能及时地对没有预期的踝关节内翻提供保护性措施[20]。受试者在平时的运动中,注意力都集中在进攻或者防守上,而忽视了可能会碰到不平的地面。对于正常对照组受试者,由于神经肌肉系统的补偿作用,会对突然不平的地面做出反应,从而避免了扭伤现象的发生。慢性踝关节不稳者由于神经肌肉系统的调节机制发生改变,容易导致踝关节反复扭伤。第二,可能是由于受试者睁眼完成的实验,因为Santello[21]研究发现视觉对于跳落着地时肌肉活动开始时间和下肢运动学指标会有影响。

  • 有研究认为踝关节扭伤的机制是由于步态或是跳落时内翻的同时后足过度旋后导致[22-23];也有报道认为是在一些不可预料的位置或者不稳、不平的地面上运动时,足的不合适的位置提前着地导致[24]。在这样的情况下,足接触地面的位置改变也是踝关节扭伤发生的机制。跳落着地时,如果足的压力中心位于距下关节轴内侧,这时垂直方向的地面反作用力突然产生较大的旋后力矩,从而导致踝关节内翻扭伤[25]。Konradsen等[26]研究发现,大约内翻10°的判断误差会产生踝关节内翻力矩,这将会引起踝关节外侧韧带损伤。从以上的研究可以推断出:慢性踝关节不稳的外侧足底压力过大,足的落点不准或者落地时地面不平,都将改变压力中心的位置,从而导致重复性的扭伤。

  • 4 裸足与穿鞋时慢性踝关节不稳者的足底压力

  • 图2 足底压力的分析区域分布

  • 在对慢性踝关节不稳者步态分析中发现,穿鞋和裸足时,足底不同区域的压力分布情况不同。Nyska等[11]在对赤足走的步态研究中,也发现CAI组相对于正常组在足中段和前足底外侧位置,压力有显著性的增加,从足跟到足趾的承重转换也相对较慢,作者认为这是对跖屈不稳定的保护性补偿。但是CAI组受试者足底压力并没有移到前足底,而是在外侧相对足底压力较高,这也是导致内翻损伤的潜在因素。而Webster[18]让受试者穿鞋,他选取32名受试者,其中16名为慢性踝关节不稳者(因为踝关节扭伤造成至少24小时的跛行或疼痛),依据这16名受试者的身高、体重、性别等匹配16名健康者作为正常对照组,小腿长(腓骨头到外踝点的距离)作为水平跳远距离,垂直方向设置5cm的障碍让受试者穿鞋往外侧跳,并返回,记录受试者在整个动作过程中的足底压力,将足底分成六个区域:前足内侧、前足外侧、足中段内侧、足中段外侧、后足内侧和后足外侧(图2),对两组和六个区域的足底压力的差异采用双因素方差分析,发现侧跳落地时足底压力在两组之间没有差异。

  • 综上所述,在裸足与穿鞋两种情况下,慢性踝关节不稳者足底压力的分布特征不同。

  • 5 慢性踝关节不稳者两侧足底压力的对比研究

  • 谷昱良[27]通过比利时足底压力测试系统对患有内翻扭伤的体院大学生进行足底动力学分析研究,结果发现:足底压力系统压强部分表现出不稳定变化,双足压强变化不对称;足底压力系统压力部分表现出慢速阶段内翻足压力变化率大于正常足。慢性踝关节足底压力差异性可能与下肢肌肉活性相关,有研究得出慢性踝关节不稳者髋、膝、踝肌肉活性下降[28]

  • 慢性踝关节不稳可导致踝关节反复扭伤,严重影响人体运动能力。足底压力测试研究能够反映人体在静态和运动情况下的足部动作结构变化,有助于诊断踝足损伤和康复评定。关于慢性踝关节不稳者足底压力分布特征的研究还没有定论,因此,慢性踝关节不稳对足底压力分布的影响有待于进一步深入研究,为慢性踝关节不稳的诊断以及康复评定提供实验依据。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Donahue M,Simon J,Docherty C.Critical Review of Self-Reported Functional Ankle Instability Measures[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(12):1140-1146.

    • [2] Fallat L,Grimm D J,Sracco J A.Sprained ankle syndrome:prevalence and analysis of 639 acute injuries[J].J Foot Ankle Surg,1998,37(4):280-285.

    • [3] Hertel J.Functional anatomy,pathomechanics,and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability[J].J Athl Train,2002,37(4):364-375.

    • [4] Delahunt E,Coughlan G F,Caulfield B,et al.Inclusion criteria when investigating insufficiencies in chronic ankle instability[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(11):2106-2121.

    • [5] Bonnel F,Toullecb E,Mabitc C,et al.Chronic ankle instability:Biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2010,96(4):424-432.

    • [6] Tropp H.Commentary:Functional ankle instability revisited[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2002,37(4):512-515.

    • [7] Freeman M,Dean M,Hanham I.The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot[J].Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery,1965,47(4):678-685.

    • [8] Hass C J,Bishop M D,Doidge D,et al.Chronic ankle instability alters central organization of movement[J].Am J Sports Med,2010,38(4):829-34.

    • [9] Wikstrom E A,Bishop M D,Inamdar A D,et al.Gait termination control strategies are altered in chronic ankle instability subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(1):197-205.

    • [10] 杨多多,苏美华.足不同背屈纵跳高度的生物力学分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2012,26(2):74-76.

    • [11] Nyska M,Shabat S,Simkin A,et al.Dynamic force distribution during level walking under the feet of patients with chronic ankle instability[J].British Journal Of Sports Medicine,2003,37(6):495-497.

    • [12] Nawata K,Nishihara S,Hayashi I,et al.Plantar pressure distribution during gait in athletes with functional instability of the ankle joint:preliminary report[J].J Orthop Sci,2005,10(3):298-301.

    • [13] Hopkins J T,Coglianese M,Glasgow P,et al.Alterations in evertor/invertor muscle activation and center of pressure trajectory in participants with functional ankle instability[J].J Electromyogr Kinesiol,2012,22(2):280-285.

    • [14] Morrison K E,Hudson D J,Davis I S,et al.Plantar pressure during running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot Ankle Int,2010,31(11):994-1000.

    • [15] Schmidt H,Drewes L,Lee S,et al.Increased plantar pressures on the lateral aspect of the foot with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2009,44(3):S13-S14.

    • [16] Schmidt H,Sauer L D,Lee S Y,et al.Increased in-shoe lateral plantar pressures with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot & Ankle International,2011,32(11):1075-1080.

    • [17] De Ridder R,Willems T,Roosen P.Plantar pressure distribution during gait and running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Foot and Ankle Research,2012(5):32-33.

    • [18] Webster K A.Measures of Plantar Pressure and Influences of Fatigue on Muscle Activation in Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability[D].Ohio:The University of Toledo,2010.

    • [19] Gribble P A,Shinohara J.A comparison of 2 rehabilitation protocols on star excursion balance test performance in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,2009,39(10):A13.

    • [20] Munn J,Sullivan S J,Schneiders A G.Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability:a systematic review with meta-analysis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2010,13(1):2-12.

    • [21] Santello M,McDonagh M J,Challis J H.Visual and non-visual control of landing movements in humans[J].The Journal Of Physiology,2001,537(1):313-327.

    • [22] Bahr R,Bahr I.Incidence of acute volleyball injuries:a prospective cohort study of injury mechanisms and risk factors[J].Scandinvian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Medicine,1997,7(6):166-171.

    • [23] Harringe M L,Renstrom P,Werner S.Injury incidence,mechanism and diagnosis in toplevel teamgym:a prospective study conducted over one season[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2007,17(2):115-119.

    • [24] Robbins S,Waked E.Factors associated with ankle injuries:preventative measures[J].Sports Medicine,1998,25(1):63-72.

    • [25] Fuller E.Center of pressure and its theoretical relationship to foot pathology[J].Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association,1999,89(6):278-291.

    • [26] Konradsen L,Voight M.Inversion injury biomechanics in functional ankle instability:a cadaver study of simulated gait[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2002,12(6):329-336.

    • [27] 谷昱良.体育学院大学生踝关节内翻扭伤的足底动力学研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.

    • [28] Feger M A,Donovan L,Hart J M,et al.Lower Extremity Muscle Activation During Functional Exercises in Patients With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability[J].PM&R,2014,6(7):601-611.

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Donahue M,Simon J,Docherty C.Critical Review of Self-Reported Functional Ankle Instability Measures[J].Foot Ankle Int,2011,32(12):1140-1146.

    • [2] Fallat L,Grimm D J,Sracco J A.Sprained ankle syndrome:prevalence and analysis of 639 acute injuries[J].J Foot Ankle Surg,1998,37(4):280-285.

    • [3] Hertel J.Functional anatomy,pathomechanics,and pathophysiology of lateral ankle instability[J].J Athl Train,2002,37(4):364-375.

    • [4] Delahunt E,Coughlan G F,Caulfield B,et al.Inclusion criteria when investigating insufficiencies in chronic ankle instability[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(11):2106-2121.

    • [5] Bonnel F,Toullecb E,Mabitc C,et al.Chronic ankle instability:Biomechanics and pathomechanics of ligaments injury and associated lesions[J].Orthop Traumatol Surg Res,2010,96(4):424-432.

    • [6] Tropp H.Commentary:Functional ankle instability revisited[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2002,37(4):512-515.

    • [7] Freeman M,Dean M,Hanham I.The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the foot[J].Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery,1965,47(4):678-685.

    • [8] Hass C J,Bishop M D,Doidge D,et al.Chronic ankle instability alters central organization of movement[J].Am J Sports Med,2010,38(4):829-34.

    • [9] Wikstrom E A,Bishop M D,Inamdar A D,et al.Gait termination control strategies are altered in chronic ankle instability subjects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2010,42(1):197-205.

    • [10] 杨多多,苏美华.足不同背屈纵跳高度的生物力学分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2012,26(2):74-76.

    • [11] Nyska M,Shabat S,Simkin A,et al.Dynamic force distribution during level walking under the feet of patients with chronic ankle instability[J].British Journal Of Sports Medicine,2003,37(6):495-497.

    • [12] Nawata K,Nishihara S,Hayashi I,et al.Plantar pressure distribution during gait in athletes with functional instability of the ankle joint:preliminary report[J].J Orthop Sci,2005,10(3):298-301.

    • [13] Hopkins J T,Coglianese M,Glasgow P,et al.Alterations in evertor/invertor muscle activation and center of pressure trajectory in participants with functional ankle instability[J].J Electromyogr Kinesiol,2012,22(2):280-285.

    • [14] Morrison K E,Hudson D J,Davis I S,et al.Plantar pressure during running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot Ankle Int,2010,31(11):994-1000.

    • [15] Schmidt H,Drewes L,Lee S,et al.Increased plantar pressures on the lateral aspect of the foot with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Athletic Training,2009,44(3):S13-S14.

    • [16] Schmidt H,Sauer L D,Lee S Y,et al.Increased in-shoe lateral plantar pressures with chronic ankle instability[J].Foot & Ankle International,2011,32(11):1075-1080.

    • [17] De Ridder R,Willems T,Roosen P.Plantar pressure distribution during gait and running in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Foot and Ankle Research,2012(5):32-33.

    • [18] Webster K A.Measures of Plantar Pressure and Influences of Fatigue on Muscle Activation in Subjects with and without Chronic Ankle Instability[D].Ohio:The University of Toledo,2010.

    • [19] Gribble P A,Shinohara J.A comparison of 2 rehabilitation protocols on star excursion balance test performance in subjects with chronic ankle instability[J].Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,2009,39(10):A13.

    • [20] Munn J,Sullivan S J,Schneiders A G.Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability:a systematic review with meta-analysis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2010,13(1):2-12.

    • [21] Santello M,McDonagh M J,Challis J H.Visual and non-visual control of landing movements in humans[J].The Journal Of Physiology,2001,537(1):313-327.

    • [22] Bahr R,Bahr I.Incidence of acute volleyball injuries:a prospective cohort study of injury mechanisms and risk factors[J].Scandinvian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Medicine,1997,7(6):166-171.

    • [23] Harringe M L,Renstrom P,Werner S.Injury incidence,mechanism and diagnosis in toplevel teamgym:a prospective study conducted over one season[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2007,17(2):115-119.

    • [24] Robbins S,Waked E.Factors associated with ankle injuries:preventative measures[J].Sports Medicine,1998,25(1):63-72.

    • [25] Fuller E.Center of pressure and its theoretical relationship to foot pathology[J].Journal of American Podiatric Medical Association,1999,89(6):278-291.

    • [26] Konradsen L,Voight M.Inversion injury biomechanics in functional ankle instability:a cadaver study of simulated gait[J].Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,2002,12(6):329-336.

    • [27] 谷昱良.体育学院大学生踝关节内翻扭伤的足底动力学研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.

    • [28] Feger M A,Donovan L,Hart J M,et al.Lower Extremity Muscle Activation During Functional Exercises in Patients With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability[J].PM&R,2014,6(7):601-611.

  • 用微信扫一扫

    用微信扫一扫