| 摘要: |
| 举国体制曾经为我国竞技体育的快速发展做出了巨大贡献，但在新形势下却出现了诸多不适应。运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法，对举国体制的概念进行溯源和重新认识，指出举国体制的生存土壤发生了变化，其“短时间内超越先进水平”的内涵特征已经大为减弱，而“框定于竞技体育”的外延显然也与现状不相适应。在竞技体育领域，举国体制导致政府垄断资源、禁锢市场力量、滋生权力寻租，扭曲政绩观和价值观、管理机制僵化、公共决策失误；在群众体育领域，举国体制无法很好满足人民群众的体育需求。出于对不同体育项目群众基础的差异、竞技体育不同环节市场化运作能力的差异、城乡经济发展不平衡及我国贫富差距的现实的考虑，指出对举国体制进行改革要以放归市场的适宜程度为依据，进行渐进式分类改革。 |
| 关键词: 举国体制 竞技体育 群众体育 渐进式分类改革 三级训练网 人才培养模式 体育服务供给 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目: |
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| The New Recognition of the Concept of Nationwide Sport System and the Necessity of Gradual Classification Reform in the New Period |
| WANG Yi-ran |
| (Department of Physical Education, Peking University) |
| Abstract: |
| The nationwide sport system has played an important role in the rapid development of competitive sports in China. However, under the new situation, a great deal of inadaptability has appeared. By means of literature review and logical analysis, the concept of nationwide sport system is traced and re-recognized in this article. It is discussed that the living soil of the nationwide sport system has undergone changes and its connotation of “exceeding the advanced level in a short time” has been greatly weakened. However, its denotation framed in competitive sports is apparently incompatible with the new situation. In the area of competitive sports, the nationwide system leads to monopoly of resources by the government, imprisonment of market forces, rent-seeking of power, the distortion of the view of achievements and values, rigidity of management mechanism and errors in public decision-making. In mass sports, the nationwide system fails to meet the mass sports demand. Based on the different mass foundation of various sports events, differences in market-oriented operational ability of different parts of competitive sports, the unbalanced economic development between urban and rural areas and the gap between the rich and the poor in China, it is pointed out that the reform of the nationwide sport system should undergo gradual classification reforms based on the suitable level of marketization operation. |
| Key words: nationwide sport system competitive sports mass sports gradual classification reform tertiary training network talent training mode sport service supply |
