| 摘要: |
| 腘绳肌拉伤是当前世界竞技体育面临的亟待解决的热点与重点问题之一。结合最新的研究进展，对腘绳肌致伤的风险因素、机制、评价以及训练防范机制进行梳理，认为肌肉收缩适宜长度缩短、力量不均衡、准备活动不充分是造成腘绳肌拉伤的主要因素；等速测力法与实地测试法评价腘绳肌拉伤的有效性还需进一步研究；在训练实践中建议采用腘绳肌离心训练的方式，逐渐增加训练时间、强度、频率，课次间歇至少48 h等训练策略，能够有效避免腘绳肌运动拉伤。 |
| 关键词: 腘绳肌 拉伤 因素 防范 训练 |
| DOI： |
|
| 基金项目:教育部人文社科一般项目（18YJA890009） |
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| The Risk Analysis and Prevention of Hamstring Strain Injuries in Athletes |
| LI Zhao |
| (Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University) |
| Abstract: |
| Hamstring strain injuries are one kind of the hot and key issues in the current competitive sports worldwide. Combining with the latest research progress, the risk factors, mechanism, evaluation and training prevention mechanism of hamstring strain injuries are sorted out. It is considered that shortening the suitable length of muscle contraction, unbalanced strength and inadequate preparatory activities are the main factors causing hamstring strain injuries, that the effectiveness of isokinetic force measurement and field test methods in evaluating hamstring strain injuries needs further study. It is also noted that in practice the method of centrifugal training of hamstring muscle should be adopted to gradually increase the training time, intensity and frequency, with at least 48 hours interval between classes, which can effectively avoid hamstring strain injuries. |
| Key words: hamstring strain injuries factors prevention training |
