| 摘要: |
| 运动员选材与培养是保持竞技体育竞争力的基本要素，传统选材与培养（以下简称传统选材）模式具有成材率低、投资风险高、选材范围狭窄等局限性，间接催生了跨项选材与培养（以下简称跨项选材）模式的发展。运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法，对跨项选材的实践案例与研究成果进行系统梳理、分析，认为其主要经历了萌芽期（1932—1979年）、探索期（1980—2005年）、初步定型期（2006—2016年）、快速发展期（2017至今）。指出，跨项选材相关研究主要围绕为什么跨项选材、何时跨项选材、怎样跨项选材、什么人跨项、哪些项目跨项五方面展开。虽然相关研究已达成诸多共识，但关于跨项选材的起始概念、目的意义、实践的落脚点等核心问题还存在争议。指出，指导传统选材的刻意练习理论存在缺乏竞争、忽视兴趣培养等问题，无组织跨项的难度不断提高，成功愈发难以复制。而世界各国开展的有组织的跨项选材已显现成果，这为我国跨项选材工作提供了很好借鉴。最后，提出跨项选材理论体系的构建需要不断引入新的理论，多学科的交叉与融合创新是跨项选材理论未来的发展方向。 |
| 关键词: 竞技体育 选材与培养 跨项选材 传统选材 组织性 发展方向 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:科技部国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”项目“冬季项目运动员专项能力特征和科学选材关键技术”（2018YFF0300402） |
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| Theory and Practice Development of Talent Transfer：Course Review，Reality Reflection and Future Trend |
| SUN Minkang |
| (1.College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
2.China Institute of Sport and Health Science，Beijing Sport University，Beijing 100084，China) |
| Abstract: |
| Talent Identification and Development （TID） are the basic elements to support the competitiveness of athletic sports. Traditional TID has the limitations of low yield, high investment risk and narrow selection range, which indirectly promotes the development of Talent Transfer（TT）. By using the methods of literature review and logical analysis, this paper systematically combs and analyzes the practical cases and research results of TT. It is believed that it mainly experienced the periods of germination (1932—1979), exploration (1980—2005), preliminary finalization (2006—2016), and rapid development (from 2017 to now). It is pointed out that the research on TT mainly focuses on five aspects of “why, when, how, who and which”. Although a lot of consensus has been reached in relevant studies, there are still disputes on the core issues of TT, such as the initial concept, purpose and significance, and the foothold of practice. It is pointed out that there are some problems in the theory of deliberate practice of TID, such as lack of competition and neglect of interest cultivation. The difficulty of unorganized TT is increasing, and the success is more and more difficult to replicate. The results of organized TT in the world have shown, which provides a good reference for TT in China. Finally, it is pointed out that we need to introduce new theories continuously for the construction of TT theory system, and the interdisciplinary and fusion innovation is the future development direction of TT theory. |
| Key words: athletic sports identification and development Talent Transfer(TT) traditional Talent Identification and Development(TID) organization development direction |
